Cyber Technology

There are several ways to hook up individual computers into a network. One is to use hardware routers to link up the network segments. If you buy hardware bridges, those will also connect the computers with each other. In Windows XP, simply clicking the "Bridge Connections" icon joins parts of a network together, even if the parts use different media to link their segments. Advantages Using a router or a hardware bridge requires buying more equipment to connect your computers. With a wireless router, each computer and network segment needs its own Internet Protocol (IP) address in order to direct data to the right computer. Both methods may require an IT professional or experienced amateur to connect everything properly. With Windows XP, building a bridging connection requires just a few clicks of your mouse in the right places. Bridging To make a bridge, you must log in as an administrator on your network or your computer. Click the computer's "Contro...

Your network is probably the least visible piece of your infrastructure, but network outages can cause highly visible problems for your business. In one study, 90 percent of businesses had at least one network outage during the past year, with many experiencing two or more. The costs of those outages are high. It’s hard to pin them down exactly, but some estimates have them running over $9,000 every minute the systems are down. With more than half of outages lasting over an hour, that’s a significant cost. And the cost of the outage can linger even after systems are back up, due to overtime needed to catch up on the work delayed during the outage, the need to pay for expedited shipping to fulfill orders, damage to your company’s reputation, and loss of customer trust and future business. Address the Causes of Downtime Most of that downtime is due to equipment failures, followed by human errors. Reducing downtime and its associated costs requires addressing both the technic...

A broadcast domain is a logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by broadcast at the data link layer. Let’s say you have several computers connected to a Layer 2 switch. The reason the device is called a Layer 2 switch is that the hardware learns and stores the MAC address (also known as the physical address) of a device’s network cards. By storing those hexadecimal numbers, the switch can make intelligent decisions about how to route packets to and from a specific device. Layer 2 switches can also be configured with VLANs to service multiple networks. Since the switch has learned about the devices that are connected, it also knows (from the switch configuration) what network those devices are connected to. What exactly a broadcast domain does From our definition of a broadcast domain, we can also state that a broadcast describes a process that forwards packets to all machines on the network. Only devices communicating wit...

A modem security key is used to protect users from any potential intruders that may want to use their network to connect to the Internet. Security keys can often be forgotten. Consequently, users can't connect to the Internet using their own modem. However, there are ways you can get your original security key, but you should keep it handy in a safe place. 2wire Modem Default Security Key Step 1 Grab a paper and pen. Step 2 Look on the bottom of your modem, below the serial number and bar code. Step 3 Write down the 10-digit number with brackets around it. That is your default security key. read more :  network security level

For network engineers and architects, understanding the difference between a Layer 3 and Layer 2 network can greatly enhance the overall security and speed of your network infrastructure. Generally speaking, Layer 2 is a broadcast Media Access Control (MAC) MAC level network, while Layer 3 is a segmented routing over internet protocol (IP) network. To better understand both layers, let’s dig a little deeper into the OSI model. Understanding the OSI 7 layer model OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It is a model used to standardise the functions of telecommunication and computing systems around the world. OSI 7 is conceptual, as the layers are abstractions that don’t define the actual technology used; however, the network topology and interoperability can be designed. But what does that actually mean? In Information Technology, standardisation is abstract so that providers, manufacturers, programmers and everyone involved has a model to work with that provi...

Port numbers are assigned to applications and their communications on a local area network (LAN). They help to keep one particular "conversation" distinguishable from another. Default port numbers have been assigned to most applications or services. For example, standard web access (http) runs over port 80, and secure web access (https) runs over port 443. Official well-known port numbers can be found at the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority's website, which is linked in the Resources section. Many commonly known unofficial port numbers are in use by vendors as well. Step 1 Open a terminal. For Windows, open a command prompt by clicking on "Start" and typing "CMD" in the "Run" box. For a Mac, type "terminal" in the finder, or go to the Applications folder, open the Utilities folder and open "Terminal." These commands can be run from the client computer or from the server side. Oftentimes, you will not have acces...

To remotely boot a computer on a network, you'll need a "Wake-On-LAN" supported network adapter. Once the adapter is installed, the computer can be "pinged" from another computer on the network to initiate the boot sequence. A ping is a signal sent from one computer to another and can be sent directly from the Command Prompt in Windows. Step 1 Open the "Start" menu on the computer that will be pinged, then type "CMD" into the Search box and press "Enter." Step 2 Type "ipconfig/all" then press "Enter." Make note of the following items: Physical address, IP address and subnet mask. Step 3 Open the Command Prompt on the computer from which you will be sending the wake-on-LAN command. Type "ping" followed by the computer that you will be sending the wake-on-LAN command's IP address. For example, if the IP address is "192.168.1.1," type "ping 192.168.1.1" and pres...